This social science study focuses on the risk from ciguatera that is affecting the Polynesians' health. Compared to the global population exposure to ciguatera health risks, the situation of French Polynesia is particularly worrisome, in view of the number of people poisoned each year. Exposure to this risk depends directly on the marine ecosystem, but also on lifestyles and individual responsibilities. This study focuses on the Tahitians' representations of the ciguatera risk, that is, their knowledge, awareness, and acceptance of the health risk resulting from the consumption of fish likely to be infected. It provides a better understanding of the cultural, social, and economic factors that explain and justify the consumption of potentially at-risk fish.