Differential Mortality and High Viral Load in Naive Pacific Oyster Families Exposed to OsHV-1 Suggests Tolerance Rather than Resistance to Infection
| Type | Article | ||||||||||||
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| Date | 2020-12 | ||||||||||||
| Language | English | ||||||||||||
| Author(s) | Agnew M. Victoria 1, Friedman Carolyn S.2, Langdon Christopher3, Divilov Konstantin3, Schoolfield Blaine3, Morga Benjamin4, Degremont Lionel4, Dhar Arun K.5, Kirkland Peter6, Dumbauld Brett7, Burge Colleen A.1 |
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| Affiliation(s) | 1 : Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA 2 : School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 3 : Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR 97365, USA 4 : Ifremer, SG2M, LGPMM, 17390 La Tremblade, France 5 : Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA 6 : NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia 7 : Hatfield Marine Science Center, USDA-ARS, Newport, OR 97365, USA |
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| Source | Pathogens (2076-0817) (MDPI AG), 2020-12 , Vol. 9 , N. 12 , P. 1057 (18p.) | ||||||||||||
| DOI | 10.3390/pathogens9121057 | ||||||||||||
| WOS© Times Cited | 9 | ||||||||||||
| Note | This article belongs to the Section Animal Pathogens | ||||||||||||
| Keyword(s) | OsHV-1, mu vars, oyster, virus, tolerance, virulence, qPCR | ||||||||||||
| Abstract | Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, are one of the most productive aquaculture species in the world. However, they are threatened by the spread of Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) and its microvariants (collectively “µvars”), which cause mass mortalities in all life stages of Pacific oysters globally. Breeding programs have been successful in reducing mortality due to OsHV-1 variants following viral outbreaks; however, an OsHV-1-resistant oyster line does not yet exist in the United States (US), and it is unknown how OsHV-1 µvars will affect US oyster populations compared to the current variant, which is similar to the OsHV-1 reference, found in Tomales Bay, CA. The goals of this study were to investigate the resistance of C. gigas juveniles produced by the Molluscan Broodstock Program (MBP) to three variants of OsHV-1: a California reference OsHV-1, an Australian µvar, and a French µvar. This is the first study to directly compare OsHV-1 µvars to a non-µvar. The survival probability of oysters exposed to the French (FRA) or Australian (AUS) µvar was significantly lower (43% and 71%, respectively) than to the reference variant and controls (96%). No oyster family demonstrated resistance to all three OsHV-1 variants, and many surviving oysters contained high copy numbers of viral DNA (mean ~3.53 × 108). These results indicate that the introduction of OsHV-1 µvars could have substantial effects on US Pacific oyster aquaculture if truly resistant lines are not achieved, and highlight the need to consider resistance to infection in addition to survival as traits in breeding programs to reduce the risk of the spread of OsHV-1 variants |
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