The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2 from 1994 to 2007

Type Article
Date 2019-03
Language English
Author(s) Gruber NicolasORCID1, Clement Dominic1, Carter Brendan R.2, 3, Feely Richard A.2, Van Heuven Steven4, Hoppema MarioORCID5, Ishii Masao6, Key Robert M.7, Kozyr Alex8, Lauvset Siv K.9, 10, 11, Lo Monaco Claire12, Mathis Jeremy T.13, Murata Akihiko14, Olsen AreORCID10, 11, Perez Fiz F.15, Sabine Christopher L.16, Tanhua Toste17, Wanninkhof Rik18
Affiliation(s) 1 : Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Environm Phys, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland.
2 : NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
3 : Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
4 : Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Fac Sci & Engn, Groningen, Netherlands.
5 : Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany.
6 : Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
7 : Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
8 : NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD USA.
9 : Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, NORCE Norwegian Res Ctr, Bergen, Norway.
10 : Univ Bergen, Geophys Inst, Bergen, Norway.
11 : Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway.
12 : Sorbonne Univ, LOCEAN, CNRS, Paris, France.
13 : NOAA, Arctic Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA.
14 : Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res & Dev Ctr Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
15 : CSIC, IIM, Vigo, Spain.
16 : Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
17 : GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
18 : NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
Source Science (0036-8075) (Amer Assoc Advancement Science), 2019-03 , Vol. 363 , N. 6432 , P. 1193-+
DOI 10.1126/science.aau5153
WOS© Times Cited 387
Abstract We quantify the oceanic sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) over the period 1994 to 2007 by using observations from the global repeat hydrography program and contrasting them to observations from the 1990s. Using a linear regression-based method, we find a global increase in the anthropogenic CO2 inventory of 34 +/- 4 petagrams of carbon (Pg C) between 1994 and 2007. This is equivalent to an average uptake rate of 2.6 +/- 0.3 Pg C year-1 and represents 31 +/- 4% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emissions over this period. Although this global ocean sink estimate is consistent with the expectation of the ocean uptake having increased in proportion to the rise in atmospheric CO2, substantial regional differences in storage rate are found, likely owing to climate variability-driven changes in ocean circulation.
Full Text
File Pages Size Access
Publisher's official version 8 3 MB Open access
Supplementary Text Figs. S1 to S10 Tables S1 to S3 References 29 2 MB Open access
Top of the page

How to cite 

Gruber Nicolas, Clement Dominic, Carter Brendan R., Feely Richard A., Van Heuven Steven, Hoppema Mario, Ishii Masao, Key Robert M., Kozyr Alex, Lauvset Siv K., Lo Monaco Claire, Mathis Jeremy T., Murata Akihiko, Olsen Are, Perez Fiz F., Sabine Christopher L., Tanhua Toste, Wanninkhof Rik (2019). The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2 from 1994 to 2007. Science, 363(6432), 1193-+. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau5153 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00675/78673/