Klionsky Daniel J., Abdel-Aziz Amal Kamal, Abdelfatah Sara, Abdellatif Mahmoud, Abdoli Asghar, Abel Steffen, Abeliovich Hagai, Abildgaard Marie H., Abudu Yakubu Princely, Acevedo-Arozena Abraham, Adamopoulos Iannis E., Adeli Khosrow, Adolph Timon E., Adornetto Annagrazia, Aflaki Elma, Agam Galila, Agarwal Anupam, Aggarwal Bharat B., Agnello Maria, Agostinis Patrizia, Agrewala Javed N., Agrotis Alexander, Aguilar Patricia V., Ahmad S. Tariq, Ahmed Zubair M., Ahumada-Castro Ulises, Aits Sonja, Aizawa Shu, Akkoc Yunus, Akoumianaki Tonia, Akpinar Hafize Aysin, Al-Abd Ahmed M., Al-Akra Lina, Al-Gharaibeh Abeer, Alaoui-Jamali Moulay A., Alberti Simon, Alcocer-Gómez Elísabet, Alessandri Cristiano, Ali Muhammad, Alim Al-Bari M. Abdul, Aliwaini Saeb, Alizadeh Javad, Almacellas Eugènia, Almasan Alexandru, Alonso Alicia, Alonso Guillermo D., Altan-Bonnet Nihal, Altieri Dario C., Álvarez Élida M. C., Alves Sara, Alves da Costa Cristine, Alzaharna Mazen M., Amadio Marialaura, Amantini Consuelo, Amaral Cristina, Ambrosio Susanna, Amer Amal O., Ammanathan Veena, An Zhenyi, Andersen Stig U., Andrabi Shaida A., Andrade-Silva Magaiver, Andres Allen M., Angelini Sabrina, Ann David, Anozie Uche C., Ansari Mohammad Y., Antas Pedro, Antebi Adam, Antón Zuriñe, Anwar Tahira, Apetoh Lionel, Apostolova Nadezda, Araki Toshiyuki, Araki Yasuhiro, Arasaki Kohei, Araújo Wagner L., Araya Jun, Arden Catherine, Arévalo Maria-Angeles, Arguelles Sandro, Arias Esperanza, Arikkath Jyothi, Arimoto Hirokazu, Ariosa Aileen R., Armstrong-James Darius, Arnauné-Pelloquin Laetitia, Aroca Angeles, Arroyo Daniela S., Arsov Ivica, Artero Rubén, Asaro Dalia Maria Lucia, Aschner Michael, Ashrafizadeh Milad, Ashur-Fabian Osnat, Atanasov Atanas G., Au Alicia K., Auberger Patrick, Auner Holger W., Aurelian Laure, Autelli Riccardo, Avagliano Laura, Ávalos Yenniffer, Aveic Sanja, Aveleira Célia Alexandra, Avin-Wittenberg Tamar, Aydin Yucel, Ayton Scott, Ayyadevara Srinivas, Azzopardi Maria, Baba Misuzu, Backer Jonathan M., Backues Steven K., Bae Dong-Hun, Bae Ok-Nam, Bae Soo Han, Baehrecke Eric H., Baek Ahruem, Baek Seung-Hoon, Baek Sung Hee, Bagetta Giacinto, Bagniewska-Zadworna Agnieszka, Bai Hua, Bai Jie, Bai Xiyuan, Bai Yidong, Bairagi Nandadulal, Baksi Shounak, Balbi Teresa, Baldari Cosima T., Balduini Walter, Ballabio Andrea, Ballester Maria, Balazadeh Salma, Balzan Rena, Bandopadhyay Rina, Banerjee Sreeparna, Banerjee Sulagna, Bánréti Ágnes, Bao Yan, Baptista Mauricio S., Baracca Alessandra, Barbati Cristiana, Bargiela Ariadna, Barilà Daniela, Barlow Peter G., Barmada Sami J., Barreiro Esther, Barreto George E., Bartek Jiri, Bartel Bonnie, Bartolome Alberto, Barve Gaurav R., Basagoudanavar Suresh H., Bassham Diane C., Bast Robert C., Basu Alakananda, Batoko Henri, Batten Isabella, Baulieu Etienne E., Baumgarner Bradley L., Bayry Jagadeesh, Beale Rupert, Beau Isabelle, Beaumatin Florian, Bechara Luiz R.G., Beck George R., Beers Michael F., Begun Jakob, Behrends Christian, Behrens Georg M.N., Bei Roberto, Bejarano Eloy, Bel Shai, Behl Christian, Belaid Amine, Belgareh-Touzé Naïma, Bellarosa Cristina, Belleudi Francesca, Belló Pérez Melissa, Bello-Morales Raquel, Beltran Jackeline Soares de Oliveira, Beltran Sebastián, Benbrook Doris Mangiaracina, Bendorius Mykolas, Benitez Bruno A., Benito-Cuesta Irene, Bensalem Julien, Berchtold Martin W., Berezowska Sabina, Bergamaschi Daniele, Bergami Matteo, Bergmann Andreas, Berliocchi Laura, Berlioz-Torrent Clarisse, Bernard Amélie, Berthoux Lionel, Besirli Cagri G., Besteiro Sebastien, Betin Virginie M., Beyaert Rudi, Bezbradica Jelena S., Bhaskar Kiran, Bhatia-Kissova Ingrid, Bhattacharya Resham, Bhattacharya Sujoy, Bhattacharyya Shalmoli, Bhuiyan Md. Shenuarin, Bhutia Sujit Kumar, Bi Lanrong, Bi Xiaolin, Biden Trevor J., Bijian Krikor, Billes Viktor A., Binart Nadine, Bincoletto Claudia, Birgisdottir Asa B., Bjorkoy Geir, Blanco Gonzalo, Blas-Garcia Ana, Blasiak Janusz, Blomgran Robert, Blomgren Klas, Blum Janice S., Boada-Romero Emilio, Boban Mirta, Boesze-Battaglia Kathleen, Boeuf Philippe, Boland Barry, Bomont Pascale, Bonaldo Paolo, Bonam Srinivasa Reddy, Bonfili Laura, Bonifacino Juan S., Boone Brian A., Bootman Martin D., Bordi Matteo, Borner Christoph, Bornhauser Beat C., Borthakur Gautam, Bosch Jürgen, Bose Santanu, Botana Luis M., Botas Juan, Boulanger Chantal M., Boulton Michael E., Bourdenx Mathieu, Bourgeois Benjamin, Bourke Nollaig M., Bousquet Guilhem, Boya Patricia, Bozhkov Peter V., Bozi Luiz H. M., Bozkurt Tolga O., Brackney Doug E., Brandts Christian H., Braun Ralf J., Braus Gerhard H., Bravo-Sagua Roberto, Bravo-San pedro José M., Brest Patrick, Bringer Marie-Agnès, Briones-Herrera Alfredo, Broaddus V. Courtney, Brodersen Peter, Brodsky Jeffrey L., Brody Steven L., Bronson Paola G., Bronstein Jeff M., Brown Carolyn N., Brown Rhoderick E., Brum Patricia C., Brumell John H., Brunetti-Pierri Nicola, Bruno Daniele, Bryson-Richardson Robert J., Bucci Cecilia, Buchrieser Carmen, Bueno Marta, Buitrago-Molina Laura Elisa, Buraschi Simone, Buch Shilpa, Buchan J. Ross, Buckingham Erin M., Budak Hikmet, Budini Mauricio, Bultynck Geert, Burada Florin, Burgoyne Joseph R., Burón M. Isabel, Bustos Victor, Büttner Sabrina, Butturini Elena, Byrd Aaron, Cabas Isabel, Cabrera-Benitez Sandra, Cadwell Ken, Cai Jingjing, Cai Lu, Cai Qian, Cairó Montserrat, Calbet Jose A., Caldwell Guy A., Caldwell Kim A., Call Jarrod A., Calvani Riccardo, Calvo Ana C., Calvo-Rubio barrera Miguel, Camara Niels OS, Camonis Jacques H., Camougrand Nadine, Campanella Michelangelo, Campbell Edward M., Campbell-Valois François-Xavier, Campello Silvia, Campesi Ilaria, Campos Juliane C., Camuzard Olivier, Cancino Jorge, Candido de Almeida Danilo, Canesi Laura, Caniggia Isabella, Canonico Barbara, Cantí Carles, Cao Bin, Caraglia Michele, Caramés Beatriz, Carchman Evie H., Cardenal-Muñoz Elena, Cardenas Cesar, Cardenas Luis, Cardoso Sandra M., Carew Jennifer S., Carle Georges F., Carleton Gillian, Carloni Silvia, Carmona-Gutierrez Didac, Carneiro Leticia A., Carnevali Oliana, Carosi Julian M., Carra Serena, Carrier Alice, Carrier Lucie, Carroll Bernadette, Carter A. Brent, Carvalho Andreia Neves, Casanova Magali, Casas Caty, Casas Josefina, Cassioli Chiara, Castillo Eliseo F., Castillo Karen, Castillo-Lluva Sonia, Castoldi Francesca, Castori Marco, Castro Ariel F., Castro-Caldas Margarida, Castro-Hernandez Javier, Castro-Obregon Susana, Catz Sergio D., Cavadas Claudia, Cavaliere Federica, Cavallini Gabriella, Cavinato Maria, Cayuela Maria L., Cebollada Rica Paula, Cecarini Valentina, Cecconi Francesco, Cechowska-Pasko Marzanna, Cenci Simone, Ceperuelo-Mallafré Victòria, Cerqueira João J., Cerutti Janete M., Cervia Davide, Cetintas Vildan Bozok, Cetrullo Silvia, Chae Han-Jung, Chagin Andrei S., Chai Chee-Yin, Chakrabarti Gopal, Chakrabarti Oishee, Chakraborty Tapas, Chakraborty Trinad, Chami Mounia, Chamilos Georgios, Chan David W., Chan Edmond Y. W., Chan Edward D., Chan H.Y. Edwin, Chan Helen H., Chan Hung, Chan Matthew T.V., Chan Yau Sang, Chandra Partha K., Chang Chih-Peng, Chang Chunmei, Chang Hao-Chun, Chang Kai, Chao Jie, Chapman Tracey, Charlet-Berguerand Nicolas, Chatterjee Samrat, Chaube Shail K., Chaudhary Anu, Chauhan Santosh, Chaum Edward, Checler Frédéric, Cheetham Michael E., Chen Chang-Shi, Chen Guang-Chao, Chen Jian-Fu, Chen Liam L., Chen Leilei, Chen Lin, Chen Mingliang, Chen Mu-Kuan, Chen Ning, Chen Quan, Chen Ruey-Hwa, Chen Shi, Chen Wei, Chen Weiqiang, Chen Xin-Ming, Chen Xiong-Wen, Chen Xu, Chen Yan, Chen Ye-Guang, Chen Yingyu, Chen Yongqiang, Chen Yu-Jen, Chen Yue-Qin, Chen Zhefan Stephen, Chen Zhi, Chen Zhi-Hua, Chen Zhijian J., Chen Zhixiang, Cheng Hanhua, Cheng Jun, Cheng Shi-Yuan, Cheng Wei, Cheng Xiaodong, Cheng Xiu-Tang, Cheng Yiyun, Cheng Zhiyong, Chen Zhong, Cheong Heesun, Cheong Jit Kong, Chernyak Boris V., Cherry Sara, Cheung Chi Fai Randy, Cheung Chun Hei Antonio, Cheung King-Ho, Chevet Eric, Chi Richard J., Chiang Alan Kwok Shing, Chiaradonna Ferdinando, Chiarelli Roberto, Chiariello Mario, Chica Nathalia, Chiocca Susanna, Chiong Mario, Chiou Shih-Hwa, Chiramel Abhilash I., Chiurchiù Valerio, Cho Dong-Hyung, Choe Seong-Kyu, Choi Augustine M.K., Choi Mary E., Choudhury Kamalika Roy, Chow Norman S., Chu Charleen T., Chua Jason P., Chua John Jia En, Chung Hyewon, Chung Kin Pan, Chung Seockhoon, Chung So-Hyang, Chung Yuen-Li, Cianfanelli Valentina, Ciechomska Iwona A., Cifuentes Mariana, Cinque Laura, Cirak Sebahattin, Cirone Mara, Clague Michael J., Clarke Robert, Clementi Emilio, Coccia Eliana M., Codogno Patrice, Cohen Ehud, Cohen Mickael M., Colasanti Tania, Colasuonno Fiorella, Colbert Robert A., Colell Anna, Čolić Miodrag, Coll Nuria S., Collins Mark O., Colombo María I., Colón-Ramos Daniel A., Combaret Lydie, Comincini Sergio, Cominetti Márcia R., Consiglio Antonella, Conte Andrea, Conti Fabrizio, Contu Viorica Raluca, Cookson Mark R., Coombs Kevin M., Coppens Isabelle, Corasaniti Maria Tiziana, Corkery Dale P., Cordes Nils, Cortese Katia, Costa Maria do Carmo, Costantino Sarah, Costelli Paola, Coto-Montes Ana, Crack Peter J., Crespo Jose L., Criollo Alfredo, Crippa Valeria, Cristofani Riccardo, Csizmadia Tamas, Cuadrado Antonio, Cui Bing, Cui Jun, Cui Yixian, Cui Yong, Culetto Emmanuel, Cumino Andrea C., Cybulsky Andrey V., Czaja Mark J., Czuczwar Stanislaw J., D’adamo Stefania, D’amelio Marcello, D’arcangelo Daniela, D’lugos Andrew C., D’orazi Gabriella, Da Silva James A., Dafsari Hormos Salimi, Dagda Ruben K., Dagdas Yasin, Daglia Maria, Dai Xiaoxia, Dai Yun, Dai Yuyuan, Dal col Jessica, Dalhaimer Paul, Dalla Valle Luisa, Dallenga Tobias, Dalmasso Guillaume, Damme Markus, Dando Ilaria, Dantuma Nico P., Darling April L., Das Hiranmoy, Dasarathy Srinivasan, Dasari Santosh K., Dash Srikanta, Daumke Oliver, Dauphinee Adrian N., Davies Jeffrey S., Dávila Valeria A., Davis Roger J., Davis Tanja, Dayalan Naidu Sharadha, de Amicis Francesca, de Bosscher Karolien, de Felice Francesca, de Franceschi Lucia, de Leonibus Chiara, de Mattos barbosa Mayara G., de Meyer Guido R.Y., de Milito Angelo, de Nunzio Cosimo, de Palma Clara, de Santi Mauro, de Virgilio Claudio, de Zio Daniela, Debnath Jayanta, Debosch Brian J., Decuypere Jean-Paul, Deehan Mark A., Deflorian Gianluca, Degregori James, Dehay Benjamin, Del rio Gabriel, Delaney Joe R., Delbridge Lea M. D., Delorme-Axford Elizabeth, Delpino M. Victoria, Demarchi Francesca, Dembitz Vilma, Demers Nicholas D., Deng Hongbin, Deng Zhiqiang, Dengjel Joern, Dent Paul, Denton Donna, Depamphilis Melvin L., Der Channing J., Deretic Vojo, Descoteaux Albert, Devis Laura, Devkota Sushil, Devuyst Olivier, Dewson Grant, Dharmasivam Mahendiran, Dhiman Rohan, Di Bernardo Diego, Di Cristina Manlio, Di Domenico Fabio, Di Fazio Pietro, Di Fonzo Alessio, Di Guardo Giovanni, Di Guglielmo Gianni M., Di leo Luca, Di Malta Chiara, Di Nardo Alessia, Di Rienzo Martina, Di Sano Federica, Diallinas George, Diao Jiajie, Diaz-Araya Guillermo, Díaz-Laviada Inés, Dickinson Jared M., Diederich Marc, Dieudé Mélanie, Dikic Ivan, Ding Shiping, Ding Wen-Xing, Dini Luciana, Dinić Jelena, Dinic Miroslav, Dinkova-Kostova Albena T., Dionne Marc S., Distler Jörg H.W., Diwan Abhinav, Dixon Ian M.C., Djavaheri-Mergny Mojgan, Dobrinski Ina, Dobrovinskaya Oxana, Dobrowolski Radek, Dobson Renwick C.J., Đokić Jelena, Dokmeci Emre Serap, Donadelli Massimo, Dong Bo, Dong Xiaonan, Dong Zhiwu, Dorn ii Gerald W., Dotsch Volker, Dou Huan, Dou Juan, Dowaidar Moataz, Dridi Sami, Drucker Liat, Du Ailian, Du Caigan, Du Guangwei, Du Hai-Ning, Du Li-Lin, Du Toit André, Duan Shao-Bin, Duan Xiaoqiong, Duarte Sónia P., Dubrovska Anna, Dunlop Elaine A., Dupont Nicolas, Durán Raúl V., Dwarakanath Bilikere S., Dyshlovoy Sergey A., Ebrahimi-Fakhari Darius, Eckhart Leopold, Edelstein Charles L., Efferth Thomas, Eftekharpour Eftekhar, Eichinger Ludwig, Eid Nabil, Eisenberg Tobias, Eissa N. Tony, Eissa Sanaa, Ejarque Miriam, El Andaloussi Abdeljabar, El-Hage Nazira, El-Naggar Shahenda, Eleuteri Anna Maria, El-Shafey Eman S., Elgendy Mohamed, Eliopoulos Aristides G., Elizalde María M., Elks Philip M., Elsasser Hans-Peter, Elsherbiny Eslam S., Emerling Brooke M., Emre N. C. Tolga, Eng Christina H., Engedal Nikolai, Engelbrecht Anna-Mart, Engelsen Agnete S.T., Enserink Jorrit M., Escalante Ricardo, Esclatine Audrey, Escobar-Henriques Mafalda, Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa, Espert Lucile, Eusebio Makandjou-Ola, Fabrias Gemma, Fabrizi Cinzia, Facchiano Antonio, Facchiano Francesco, Fadeel Bengt, Fader Claudio, Faesen Alex C., Fairlie W. Douglas, Falcó Alberto, Falkenburger Bjorn H., Fan Daping, Fan Jie, Fan Yanbo, Fang Evandro F., Fang Yanshan, Fang Yognqi, Fanto Manolis, Farfel-Becker Tamar, Faure Mathias, Fazeli Gholamreza, Fedele Anthony O., Feldman Arthur M., Feng Du, Feng Jiachun, Feng Lifeng, Feng Yibin, Feng Yuchen, Feng Wei, Fenz Araujo Thais, Ferguson Thomas A., Fernández Álvaro F., Fernandez-Checa Jose C., Fernández-Veledo Sonia, Fernie Alisdair R., Ferrante Anthony W., Ferraresi Alessandra, Ferrari Merari F., Ferreira Julio C.B., Ferro-Novick Susan, Figueras Antonio, Filadi Riccardo, Filigheddu Nicoletta, Filippi-Chiela Eduardo, Filomeni Giuseppe, Fimia Gian Maria, Fineschi Vittorio, Finetti Francesca, Finkbeiner Steven, Fisher Edward A., Fisher Paul B., Flamigni Flavio, Fliesler Steven J., Flo Trude H., Florance Ida, Florey Oliver, Florio Tullio, Fodor Erika, Follo Carlo, Fon Edward A., Forlino Antonella, Fornai Francesco, Fortini Paola, Fracassi Anna, Fraldi Alessandro, Franco Brunella, Franco Rodrigo, Franconi Flavia, Frankel Lisa B., Friedman Scott L., Fröhlich Leopold F., Frühbeck Gema, Fuentes Jose M., Fujiki Yukio, Fujita Naonobu, Fujiwara Yuuki, Fukuda Mitsunori, Fulda Simone, Furic Luc, Furuya Norihiko, Fusco Carmela, Gack Michaela U., Gaffke Lidia, Galadari Sehamuddin, Galasso Alessia, Galindo Maria F., Gallolu Kankanamalage Sachith, Galluzzi Lorenzo, Galy Vincent, Gammoh Noor, Gan Boyi, Ganley Ian G., Gao Feng, Gao Hui, Gao Minghui, Gao Ping, Gao Shou-Jiang, Gao Wentao, Gao Xiaobo, Garcera Ana, Garcia Maria Noé, Garcia Verónica E., García-Del portillo Francisco, Garcia-Escudero Vega, Garcia-Garcia Aracely, Garcia-Macia Marina, García-Moreno Diana, Garcia-Ruiz Carmen, García-Sanz Patricia, Garg Abhishek D., Gargini Ricardo, Garofalo Tina, Garry Robert F., Gassen Nils C., Gatica Damian, Ge Liang, Ge Wanzhong, Geiss-Friedlander Ruth, Gelfi Cecilia, Genschik Pascal, Gentle Ian E., Gerbino Valeria, Gerhardt Christoph, Germain Kyla, Germain Marc, Gewirtz David A., Ghasemipour Afshar Elham, Ghavami Saeid, Ghigo Alessandra, Ghosh Manosij, Giamas Georgios, Giampietri Claudia, Giatromanolaki Alexandra, Gibson Gary E., Gibson Spencer B., Ginet Vanessa, Giniger Edward, Giorgi Carlotta, Girao Henrique, Girardin Stephen E., Giridharan Mridhula, Giuliano Sandy, Giulivi Cecilia, Giuriato Sylvie, Giustiniani Julien, Gluschko Alexander, Goder Veit, Goginashvili Alexander, Golab Jakub, Goldstone David C., Golebiewska Anna, Gomes Luciana R., Gomez Rodrigo, Gómez-Sánchez Rubén, Gomez-Puerto Maria Catalina, Gomez-Sintes Raquel, Gong Qingqiu, Goni Felix M., González-Gallego Javier, Gonzalez-Hernandez Tomas, Gonzalez-Polo Rosa A., Gonzalez-Reyes Jose A., González-Rodríguez Patricia, Goping Ing Swie, Gorbatyuk Marina S., Gorbunov Nikolai V., Görgülü Kıvanç, Gorojod Roxana M., Gorski Sharon M., Goruppi Sandro, Gotor Cecilia, Gottlieb Roberta A., Gozes Illana, Gozuacik Devrim, Graef Martin, Gräler Markus H., Granatiero Veronica, Grasso Daniel, Gray Joshua P., Green Douglas R., Greenhough Alexander, Gregory Stephen L., Griffin Edward F., Grinstaff Mark W., Gros Frederic, Grose Charles, Gross Angelina S., Gruber Florian, Grumati Paolo, Grune Tilman, Gu Xueyan, Guan Jun-Lin, Guardia Carlos M., Guda Kishore, Guerra Flora, Guerri Consuelo, Guha Prasun, Guillén Carlos, Gujar Shashi, Gukovskaya Anna, Gukovsky Ilya, Gunst Jan, Günther Andreas, Guntur Anyonya R., Guo Chuanyong, Guo Chun, Guo Hongqing, Guo Lian-Wang, Guo Ming, Gupta Pawan, Gupta Shashi Kumar, Gupta Swapnil, Gupta Veer Bala, Gupta Vivek, Gustafsson Asa B., Gutterman David D., H.b. Ranjitha, Haapasalo Annakaisa, Haber James E., Hać Aleksandra, Hadano Shinji, Hafrén Anders J., Haidar Mansour, Hall Belinda S., Halldén Gunnel, Hamacher-Brady Anne, Hamann Andrea, Hamasaki Maho, Han Weidong, Hansen Malene, Hanson Phyllis I. , Hao Zijian, Harada Masaru, Harhaji-Trajkovic Ljubica, Hariharan Nirmala, Haroon Nigil, Harris James, Hasegawa Takafumi, Hasima Nagoor Noor, Haspel Jeffrey A., Haucke Volker, Hawkins Wayne D., Hay Bruce A., Haynes Cole M., Hayrabedyan Soren B., Hays Thomas S., He Congcong, He Qin, He Rong-Rong, He You-Wen, He Yu-Ying, Heakal Yasser, Heberle Alexander M., Hejtmancik J. Fielding, Helgason Gudmundur Vignir , Henkel Vanessa, Herb Marc, Hergovich Alexander, Herman-Antosiewicz Anna, Hernández Agustín, Hernandez Carlos, Hernandez-Diaz Sergio, Hernandez-Gea Virginia, Herpin Amaury, Herreros Judit, Hervás Javier H., Hesselson Daniel, Hetz Claudio, Heussler Volker T., Higuchi Yujiro, Hilfiker Sabine, Hill Joseph A., Hlavacek William S., Ho Emmanuel A., Ho Idy H.T., Ho Philip Wing-Lok, Ho Shu-Leong, Ho Wan Yun, Hobbs G. Aaron, Hochstrasser Mark, Hoet Peter H.M., Hofius Daniel, Hofman Paul, Höhn Annika, Holmberg Carina I., Hombrebueno Jose R., Yi-Ren hong Chang-Won Hong,, Hooper Lora V., Hoppe Thorsten, Horos Rastislav, Hoshida Yujin, Hsin I-Lun, Hsu Hsin-Yun, Hu Bing, Hu Dong, Hu Li-Fang, Hu Ming Chang, Hu Ronggui, Hu Wei, Hu Yu-Chen, Hu Zhuo-Wei, Hua Fang, Hua Jinlian, Hua Yingqi, Huan Chongmin, Huang Canhua, Huang Chuanshu, Huang Chuanxin, Huang Chunling, Huang Haishan, Huang Kun, Huang Michael L.H., Huang Rui, Huang Shan, Huang Tianzhi, Huang Xing, Huang Yuxiang Jack, Huber Tobias B., Hubert Virginie, Hubner Christian A., Hughes Stephanie M., Hughes William E., Humbert Magali, Hummer Gerhard, Hurley James H., Hussain Sabah, Hussain Salik, Hussey Patrick J., Hutabarat Martina, Hwang Hui-Yun, Hwang Seungmin, Ieni Antonio, Ikeda Fumiyo, Imagawa Yusuke, Imai Yuzuru, Imbriano Carol, Imoto Masaya, Inman Denise M., Inoki Ken, Iovanna Juan, Iozzo Renato V., Ippolito Giuseppe, Irazoqui Javier E., Iribarren Pablo, Ishaq Mohd, Ishikawa Makoto, Ishimwe Nestor, Isidoro Ciro, Ismail Nahed, Issazadeh-Navikas Shohreh, Itakura Eisuke, Ito Daisuke, Ivankovic Davor, Ivanova Saška, Iyer Anand Krishnan V., Izquierdo José M., Izumi Masanori, Jäättelä Marja, Jabir Majid Sakhi, Jackson William T., Jacobo-Herrera Nadia, Jacomin Anne-Claire, Jacquin Elise, Jadiya Pooja, Jaeschke Hartmut, Jagannath Chinnaswamy, Jakobi Arjen J., Jakobsson Johan, Janji Bassam, Jansen-Dürr Pidder, Jansson Patric J., Jantsch Jonathan, Januszewski Sławomir, Jassey Alagie, Jean Steve, Jeltsch-David Hélène, Jendelova Pavla, Jenny Andreas, Jensen Thomas E., Jessen Niels, Jewell Jenna L., Ji Jing, Jia Lijun, Jia Rui, Jiang Liwen, Jiang Qing, Jiang Richeng, Jiang Teng, Jiang Xuejun, Jiang Yu, Jimenez-Sanchez Maria, Jin Eun-Jung, Jin Fengyan, Jin Hongchuan, Jin Li, Jin Luqi, Jin Meiyan, Jin Si, Jo Eun-Kyeong, Joffre Carine, Johansen Terje, Johnson Gail V.W., Johnston Simon A., Jokitalo Eija, Jolly Mohit Kumar, Joosten Leo A.B., Jordan Joaquin, Joseph Bertrand, Ju Dianwen, Ju Jeong-Sun, Ju Jingfang, Juárez Esmeralda, Judith Delphine, Juhász Gábor, Jun Youngsoo, Jung Chang Hwa, Jung Sung-Chul, Jung Yong Keun, Jungbluth Heinz, Jungverdorben Johannes, Just Steffen, Kaarniranta Kai, Kaasik Allen, Kabuta Tomohiro, Kaganovich Daniel, Kahana Alon, Kain Renate, Kajimura Shinjo, Kalamvoki Maria, Kalia Manjula, Kalinowski Danuta S., Kaludercic Nina, Kalvari Ioanna, Kaminska Joanna, Kaminskyy Vitaliy O., Kanamori Hiromitsu, Kanasaki Keizo, Kang Chanhee, Kang Rui, Kang Sang Sun, Kaniyappan Senthilvelrajan, Kanki Tomotake, Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi, Kanthasamy Anumantha G., Kanthasamy Arthi, Kantorow Marc, Kapuy Orsolya, Karamouzis Michalis V., Karim Md. 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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
Keyword(s)
Autophagosome, cance, rflux, LC3, lysosome, macroautophagy, neurodegeneration, phagophore, stress, vacuole
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Publisher's official version | 403 | 46 Mo |
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