Mercury accumulation in the sediment of the Western Mediterranean abyssal plain: A reliable archive of the late Holocene

Type Article
Date 2021-09
Language English
Author(s) Cossa Daniel1, 2, Mucci AORCID3, Guédron S.1, Coquery M4, Radakovich O.5, 6, Escoube R.2, 7, Campillo S.1, Heussner S.8
Affiliation(s) 1 : Université Grenoble Alpes, ISTerre, CS 40700, F-38058 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
2 : IFREMER, Atlantic Center, LBCM, F-44031 Nantes, France
3 : Geotop and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450 University St., Montreal, QC, H3A 0E8 Canada
4 : INRAE, UR RiverLy, 5 rue de la Doua CS 20244, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
5 : IRSN (Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA, F-13115 Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France
6 : Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
7 : Université de Lyon, ESN Lyon, Earth Sciences Department, BP 7000, F-69342 Lyon Cedex 07, France
8 : Univeristé de Perpignan Via Domitia, CEFREM, UMR 5110, F-66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
Source Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta (0016-7037) (Elsevier BV), 2021-09 , Vol. 309 , P. 1-15
DOI 10.1016/j.gca.2021.06.014
WOS© Times Cited 10
Keyword(s) Mercury, Abyssal sediment, Holocene, Western Mediterranean
Abstract

Temporal reconstruction of Hg deposition from sediment archives is relatively straightforward in organic-rich or high sedimentation rate environments, such as lakes and ocean margins. To retrieve long-term records at regional or global scales, deep-sea sediments are more appropriate, but such records are scarce and their reliability has been questioned because of possible post-depositional Hg diagenetic remobilization. Here, we investigated the accumulation of Hg in the Balearic Abyssal Plain (2850 m deep) of the Western Mediterranean through a comprehensive characterization of the chemical and isotopic composition (organic carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, major and redox-sensitive elements) of sediment trap material and sediment cores. The analysis of material collected in the sediment traps, deployed at 250, 1440, and 2820 m, indicates that Hg is (i) partially re-emitted to the atmosphere and mobilized in the twilight zone and that (ii) the Hg downward flux depends on the primary production in surface waters, suggesting that organic matter (OM) acts as the main Hg-carrier phase. As the Hg concentrations of material collected in the traps vary little with depth but the Hg:Corg ratio of the settling particulate matter decreases with depth, Hg must be re-adsorbed onto the more refractory fraction of the settling OM. Results of selective chemical extractions of the sediment indicate that Hg is very weakly coupled to the iron cycle but strongly associated with sulfur, supporting the assumption that its vertical distribution was only weakly altered by diagenetic remobilization. In addition, the distributions of S and δ34S in the sedimentary column exclude the possibility that local volcanism impacted on Hg enrichment of the sediments. Accordingly, a reconstruction of Hg accumulation rates (Hg-AR) during the Late Holocene is readily achieved. Biological mixing and smoothing of the sediment record, as revealed by the distribution of radionuclides in surface sediments, was considered in the interpretation of the Hg-AR record. The first anthropogenic Hg signal recorded in the studied cores corresponds to the Iron Age and the Roman Empire period, as Hg-ARs rose from the baseline (0.7 ± 0.2 µg m-2 yr-1) to an average value of 2.2 ± 0.5 µg m-2 yr-1. The Hg-ARs return to baseline values at the decline of the Roman Empire, display a small increase during the Medieval Period (1.5 ± 0.5 µg m-2 yr-1), increase abruptly at the onset of the Industrial Era, leading to a ∼10-fold increase in Hg deposition in the last 120 years (8.9 ± 1.4 µg m-2 yr-1), and retreat progressively over the past 50 years.

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Cossa Daniel, Mucci A, Guédron S., Coquery M, Radakovich O., Escoube R., Campillo S., Heussner S. (2021). Mercury accumulation in the sediment of the Western Mediterranean abyssal plain: A reliable archive of the late Holocene. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 309, 1-15. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2021.06.014 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00700/81167/