Hot Vents Beneath an Icy Ocean: The Aurora Vent Field, Gakkel Ridge, Revealed
| Type | Article | ||||||||
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| Date | 2023-03 | ||||||||
| Language | English | ||||||||
| Author(s) | Ramirez-Llodra Eva1, Argentino Claudio2, Baker Maria3, Boetius Antje4, 5, Costa Carolina6, Dahle Håkon7, Denny Emily7, Dessandier Pierre-Antoine8, 9, Eilertsen Mari10, Ferre Benedicte11, German Christopher12, Hand Kevin13, Hilário Ana14, Hislop Lawrence15, Jamieson John16, Kalnitchenko Dimitri17, Mall Achim18, Panieri Giuliana19, Purser Autun20, Ramalho Sofia21, Reeves Eoghan22, Rolley Leighton23, Pereira Samuel24, Ribeiro Pedro25, Fatih Sert Muhammed26, Steen Ida27, Stetzler Marie28, Stokke Runar29, Victorero Lissette30, Vulcano Francesca31, Vågenes Stig32, 33, Waghorn Kate34, Buenz Stefan34 | ||||||||
| Affiliation(s) | 1 : Science Coordinator, REV Ocean, Lysaker, and Senior Scientist, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway 2 : Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate (CAGE), Department of Geoscience, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway 3 : Deep-Ocean Stewardship Initiative, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 4 : Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany 5 : Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), University of Bremen, Germany 6 : Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal. 7 : Department of Biological Sciences & Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 8 : CAGE, Department of Geoscience, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway 9 : University of Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, Plouzané, France. 10 : Department of Biological Sciences & Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 11 : CAGE, Department of Geoscience, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway 12 : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA 13 : Deputy Project Scientist, Europa, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA 14 : Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal 15 : Communications Director, REV Ocean, Fornebu, Norway 16 : Canada Research Chair in Marine Geology, Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada. 17 : CAGE, Department of Geoscience, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. 18 : Department of Biological Sciences & Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 19 : CAGE, Department of Geoscience, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway 20 : Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany. 21 : Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal. Eoghan 22 : Department of Earth Science & Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 23 : REV Ocean, Lysaker, Norway 24 : Department of Earth Science & Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 25 : Department of Biological Sciences & Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 26 : CAGE, Department of Geoscience, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway 27 : Department of Biological Sciences & Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 28 : CAGE, Department of Geoscience, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway 29 : Department of Biological Sciences & Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 30 : Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway 31 : Department of Biological Sciences & Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 32 : Department of Biological Sciences & Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 33 : REV Ocean, Lysaker, Norway 34 : Team Leader, both at the CAGE, Department of Geoscience, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway |
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| Source | Oceanography (1042-8275) (The Oceanography Society), 2023-03 , Vol. 36 , N. 1 , P. 6-17 | ||||||||
| DOI | 10.5670/oceanog.2023.103 | ||||||||
| WOS© Times Cited | 2 | ||||||||
| Abstract | Evidence of hydrothermal venting on the ultra-slow spreading Gakkel Ridge in the Central Arctic Ocean has been available since 2001, with first visual evidence of black smokers on the Aurora Vent Field obtained in 2014. But it was not until 2021 that the first ever remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives to hydrothermal vents under permanent ice cover in the Arctic were conducted, enabling the collection of vent fluids, rocks, microbes, and fauna. In this paper, we present the methods employed for deep-sea ROV operations under drifting ice. We also provide the first description of the Aurora Vent Field, which includes three actively venting black smokers and diffuse flow on the Aurora mound at ~3,888 m depth on the southern part of the Gakkel Ridge (82.5°N). The biological communities are dominated by a new species of cocculinid limpet, two small gastropods, and a melitid amphipod. The ongoing analyses of Aurora Vent Field samples will contribute to positioning the Gakkel Ridge hydrothermal vents in the global biogeographic puzzle of hydrothermal vents. |
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