Fungal Diversity and Dynamics during Long-Term Immersion of Conventional and Biodegradable Plastics in the Marine Environment
Type | Article | ||||||||||||
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Date | 2023-04 | ||||||||||||
Language | English | ||||||||||||
Author(s) | Philippe Aurélie1, Noël Cyril2, Eyheraguibel Boris3, Briand Jean-François4, Paul-Pont Ika5, Ghiglione Jean-François6, Coton Emmanuel1, Burgaud Gaëtan1 | ||||||||||||
Affiliation(s) | 1 : Univ Brest, INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, F-29280 Plouzané, France 2 : Ifremer, IRSI, SeBiMER Service de Bioinformatique de l’Ifremer, F-29280 Plouzané, France 3 : CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France 4 : Laboratoire Matériaux Polymères Interfaces Environnement Marin (MAPIEM), EA 4323, Université de Toulon, France 5 : Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Univ Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France 6 : CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC)/UMR 7621, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls sur mer, France |
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Source | Diversity-basel (1424-2818) (MDPI AG), 2023-04 , Vol. 15 , N. 4 , P. 579 (23p.) | ||||||||||||
DOI | 10.3390/d15040579 | ||||||||||||
WOS© Times Cited | 6 | ||||||||||||
Note | This article belongs to the Section Marine Diversity | ||||||||||||
Keyword(s) | plastisphere, marine fungi, diversity, colonization dynamics, biodegradable vs, conventional plastics | ||||||||||||
Abstract | Plastics are associated with a worldwide pollution crisis, with strong negative impacts on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In marine environments, various organisms are colonizing plastic debris, but few studies have focused on fungal communities despite their non-trivial ecological roles in the marine environment. In this study, different types of plastics (biodegradable and conventional) immersed in marine natural environments and under laboratory controlled settings were collected after long-term colonization. Using a metabarcoding approach targeting two genetic markers, namely, the ITS2 region and the V4 hypervariable region of the 18S rRNA gene, we highlighted that fungal communities associated with plastic polymers were distinct from those found in the surrounding seawater. They also differed significantly between sampling locations and the nature of immersed polymers, indicating that fungal colonization was impacted by the sites and types of plastics, with clear dissimilarities between conventional and biodegradable polymers. Specifically for the conventional PVC polymer (Polyvinyl chloride), we also observed the successive stages of biofilm development and maturation after long-term immersion in seawater. A noticeable change in the fungal communities was observed around 30–40 days in natural settings, suggesting a colonization dynamic likely associated with a transition from biofilm formation to distinct communities likely associated with biofouling. Overall, this study strengthens the idea that the fungal kingdom is an integrated part of the “plastisphere”. |
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