Global Surface Ocean Acidification Indicators From 1750 to 2100

Accurately predicting future ocean acidification (OA) conditions is crucial for advancing OA research at regional and global scales, and guiding society's mitigation and adaptation efforts. This study presents a new model-data fusion product covering 10 global surface OA indicators based on 14 Earth System Models (ESMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), along with three recent observational ocean carbon data products. The indicators include fugacity of carbon dioxide, pH on total scale, total hydrogen ion content, free hydrogen ion content, carbonate ion content, aragonite saturation state, calcite saturation state, Revelle Factor, total dissolved inorganic carbon content, and total alkalinity content. The evolution of these OA indicators is presented on a global surface ocean 1 degrees x 1 degrees grid as decadal averages every 10 years from preindustrial conditions (1750), through historical conditions (1850-2010), and to five future Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (2020-2100): SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5. These OA trajectories represent an improvement over previous OA data products with respect to data quantity, spatial and temporal coverage, diversity of the underlying data and model simulations, and the provided SSPs. The generated data product offers a state-of-the-art research and management tool for the 21st century under the combined stressors of global climate change and ocean acidification. The gridded data product is available in NetCDF at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0259391.html, and global maps of these indicators are available in jpeg at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-datasystem/synthesis/surface-oa-indicators.html. Plain Language Summary A new data product, based on the latest computer simulations and observational data, offers improved projections of ocean acidification (OA) conditions from the start of the Industrial Revolution in 1750 to the end of the 21st century. These projections will support OA research at regional and global scales, and provide essential information to guide OA mitigation and adaptation efforts for various sectors, including fisheries, aquaculture, tourism, marine resource decision-makers, and the general public.

Keyword(s)

ocean acidification indicators, pH, aragonite saturation state, global surface ocean, Earth System Models, Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

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Jiang Li-Qing, Dunne John, Carter Brendan R., Tjiputra Jerry F., Terhaar Jens, Sharp Jonathan D., Olsen Are, Alin Simone, Bakker Dorothee C. E., Feely Richard A., Gattuso Jean-Pierre, Hogan Patrick, Ilyina Tatiana, Lange Nico, Lauvset Siv K., Lewis Ernie R., Lovato Tomas, Palmieri Julien, Santana-Falcon Yeray, Schwinger Joerg, Seferian Roland, Strand Gary, Swart Neil, Tanhua Toste, Tsujino Hiroyuki, Wanninkhof Rik, Watanabe Michio, Yamamoto Akitomo, Ziehn Tilo (2023). Global Surface Ocean Acidification Indicators From 1750 to 2100. Journal Of Advances In Modeling Earth Systems. 15 (3). e2022MS003563 (23p.). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022MS003563, https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00842/95432/

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