Overfishing and climate change are primary drivers of shifts in fish and fisheries dynamics, though additional factors contribute significantly to their vulnerability. Recent disruptions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and fuel crises, have exacerbated pressures on the fishing sector, while the emergence of invasive species necessitates adaptive responses across the value chain.Increasingly complex models and scenarios are being developed to capture these concurrent processes and events, and predict their impacts, providing invaluable tools for guiding long-term strategic policy and informing adaptive, short-term management interventions. However, their application requires careful consideration of the many uncertainties associated with model-based projections. Our findings show that, despite these uncertainties, effective management actions and adaptive strategies can help mitigate the impacts of multiple, overlapping crises. Participatory approaches are essential for envisioning and guiding future adaptation pathways.