Evolution of South Atlantic density and chemical stratification across the last deglaciation

Type Article
Date 2016-01
Language English
Author(s) Roberts JennyORCID1, 2, Gottschalk Julia1, Skinner Luke C.1, Peck Victoria L.2, Kender SevORCID3, 4, Elderfield Henry1, Waelbroeck Claire5, Riveiros Natalia Vazquez5, Hodell David A.1
Affiliation(s) 1 : Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Godwin Lab Paleoclimate Res, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England.
2 : British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
3 : Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Ctr Environm Geochem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
4 : British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England.
5 : Domaine CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
Source Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America (0027-8424) (Natl Acad Sciences), 2016-01 , Vol. 113 , N. 3 , P. 514-519
DOI 10.1073/pnas.1511252113
WOS© Times Cited 51
Note This article has a correction. Please see: This article has a correction. Please see: Correction for Roberts et al., Evolution of South Atlantic density and chemical stratification across the last deglaciation - January 31, 2017
Keyword(s) South Atlantic, density gradient, ocean stratification, last deglaciation, atmospheric CO2
Abstract

Explanations of the glacial-interglacial variations in atmospheric pCO(2) invoke a significant role for the deep ocean in the storage of CO2. Deep-ocean density stratification has been proposed as a mechanism to promote the storage of CO2 in the deep ocean during glacial times. A wealth of proxy data supports the presence of a "chemical divide" between intermediate and deep water in the glacial Atlantic Ocean, which indirectly points to an increase in deep-ocean density stratification. However, direct observational evidence of changes in the primary controls of ocean density stratification, i.e., temperature and salinity, remain scarce. Here, we use Mg/Ca-derived seawater temperature and salinity estimates determined from temperature-corrected delta O-18 measurements on the benthic foraminifer Uvigerina spp. from deep and intermediate water-depth marine sediment cores to reconstruct the changes in density of sub-Antarctic South Atlantic water masses over the last deglaciation (i.e., 22-2 ka before present). We find that a major breakdown in the physical density stratification significantly lags the breakdown of the deep-intermediate chemical divide, as indicated by the chemical tracers of benthic foraminifer delta C-13 and foraminifer/coral C-14. Our results indicate that chemical destratification likely resulted in the first rise in atmospheric pCO(2), whereas the density destratification of the deep South Atlantic lags the second rise in atmospheric pCO(2) during the late deglacial period. Our findings emphasize that the physical and chemical destratification of the ocean are not as tightly coupled as generally assumed.

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Roberts Jenny, Gottschalk Julia, Skinner Luke C., Peck Victoria L., Kender Sev, Elderfield Henry, Waelbroeck Claire, Riveiros Natalia Vazquez, Hodell David A. (2016). Evolution of South Atlantic density and chemical stratification across the last deglaciation. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America, 113(3), 514-519. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511252113 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00421/53276/