Morphological and genomic characterisation of the Schistosoma hybrid infecting humans in Europe reveals admixture between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis
Type | Article | ||||||||||||
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Date | 2021-12 | ||||||||||||
Language | English | ||||||||||||
Author(s) | Kincaid-Smith Julien1, 2, Tracey Alan3, de Carvalho Augusto Ronaldo1, Bulla Ingo1, 4, 5, Holroyd Nancy3, Rognon Anne1, Rey Olivier1, Chaparro Cristian1, Oleaga Ana6, Mas-Coma Santiago7, Allienne Jean-François1, Grunau Christoph1, Berriman Matthew3, Boissier Jérôme1, Toulza Eve1 | ||||||||||||
Affiliation(s) | 1 : IHPE, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Montpellier, Perpignan, France 2 : CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France 3 : Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom 4 : Institute for Mathematics and Informatics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany 5 : Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 6 : Parasitology Laboratory, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologý´a de Salamanca (IRNASA, CSIC), Cordel de Merinas, Spain 7 : Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain |
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Source | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (1935-2735) (Public Library of Science (PLoS)), 2021-12 , Vol. 15 , N. 12 , P. e0010062 (18p.) | ||||||||||||
DOI | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010062 | ||||||||||||
WOS© Times Cited | 15 | ||||||||||||
Abstract | Schistosomes cause schistosomiasis, the world’s second most important parasitic disease after malaria in terms of public health and social-economic impacts. A peculiar feature of these dioecious parasites is their ability to produce viable and fertile hybrid offspring. Originally only present in the tropics, schistosomiasis is now also endemic in southern Europe. Based on the analysis of two genetic markers the European schistosomes had previously been identified as hybrids between the livestock- and the human-infective species Schistosoma bovis and Schistosoma haematobium, respectively. Here, using PacBio long-read sequencing technology we performed genome assembly improvement and annotation of S. bovis, one of the parental species for which no satisfactory genome assembly was available. We then describe the whole genome introgression levels of the hybrid schistosomes, their morphometric parameters (eggs and adult worms) and their compatibility with two European snail strains used as vectors (Bulinus truncatus and Planorbarius metidjensis). Schistosome-snail compatibility is a key parameter for the parasites life cycle progression, and thus the capability of the parasite to establish in a given area. Our results show that this Schistosoma hybrid is strongly introgressed genetically, composed of 77% S. haematobium and 23% S. bovis origin. This genomic admixture suggests an ancient hybridization event and subsequent backcrosses with the human-specific species, S. haematobium, before its introduction in Corsica. We also show that egg morphology (commonly used as a species diagnostic) does not allow for accurate hybrid identification while genetic tests do. |
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