Spatial and temporal patterns of organophosphate Esters flame retardants and plasticizers in airborne particles over the Mediterranean sea
| Type | Article | ||||||||||||
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| Date | 2024-01 | ||||||||||||
| Language | English | ||||||||||||
| Author(s) | Violaki Kalliopi 1, 2, Castro Jimenez Javier3, Nenes Athanasios1, 4, Sempere Richard2, Panagiotopoulos Christos2 |
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| Affiliation(s) | 1 : Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and Their Impacts, School of Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland 2 : Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France 3 : IFREMER, Chemical Contamination of Marine Ecosystems (CCEM), Rue de L’Ile D’Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes, Cedex 3, France 4 : Center for the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-26504, Patras, Greece |
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| Source | Chemosphere (0045-6535) (Elsevier BV), 2024-01 , Vol. 348 , P. 140746 (8p.) | ||||||||||||
| DOI | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140746 | ||||||||||||
| Keyword(s) | Plastic additives, atmosphere, anthropogenic phosphorus, dry deposition | ||||||||||||
| Abstract | We studied the co-occurrence of OPEs and other constituents in atmospheric particles at the two edges of the Mediterranean Sea, under the influence of the transport of polluted air from Europe and dust from the Sahara. The highest OPE concentrations were observed during the summer period in the East Mediterranean and in spring for the NW Mediterranean. The total average atmospheric concentration of Σ6OPEs in the NW Mediterranean was 2103.3 ± 2019.6 pg m−3 (n = 23) with EHDPP and TCPP to be the predominant OPEs, accounting on average for 46% and 37% of the total Ʃ6OPEs concentrations, respectively. The average concentration of Σ6OPEs in East Mediterranean was 156.4 ± 170.3 pg m−3 (n = 67) with TCPP showing the highest concentration (116.1 ± 92.8 pg m−3), followed by TCEP (67.5 ± 55.8 pg m−3). In both areas, OPEs were mostly associated with fossil fuel combustion and road traffic, while the air masses from Saharan desert influenced the concentration of EHDPP, TCEP in NW Mediterranean and the TCEP concentration levels in the East Mediterranean. The total annual deposition of reported OPEs to the Mediterranean basin was estimated to be 584 tonnes, accounting for about 8.5% of the total deposited anthropogenic phosphorus. |
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