Species which may act as vectors or reservoirs of diseases covered by the Animal Health Law: Listed pathogens of fish
| Type | Article | ||||||||||||
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| Date | 2023-08 | ||||||||||||
| Language | English | ||||||||||||
| Author(s) | Efsa Panel On Animal Health And Welfare (ahaw) , Nielsen Søren Saxmose1, Alvarez Julio2, Bicout Dominique3, Calistri Paolo4, Canali Elisabetta5, Drewe Julian Ashley6, Garin‐bastuji Bruno7, Gonzales Rojas José Louis8, Smith Christian Gortazar9, Herskin Mette10, Michel Virginie7, Miranda Chueca Miguel Angel11, Padalino Barbara12, Spoolder Hans8, Ståhl Karl14, Velarde Antonio15, Viltrop Arvo16, Winckler Christoph17, Arzul Isabelle 18, Dharmaveer Shetty19, Olesen Niels Jørgen20, Schiøtt Morten20, Sindre Hilde22, Stone David21, Vendramin Niccoló20, Aires Mariana23, Asensio Inmaculada Aznar23, Antoniou Sotiria‐eleni23, Barizzone Fulvio23, Dhollander Sofie23, Gnocchi Marzia23, Karagianni Anna Eleonora24, Kero Linnea Lindgren25, Munoz Guajardo Irene Pilar23, Rusina Alessia23, Roberts Helen13 |
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| Affiliation(s) | 1 : University of Copenhagen- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Denmark 2 : Universidad Complutense Madrid ,Spain 3 : VetAgro Sup, Université Grenoble Alpes, France 4 : Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale - Department of Epidemiology, Italy 5 : Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy 6 : Royal Veterinary College, UK 7 : Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, France 8 : Wageningen University and Research ,The Netherlands 9 : Institute for Game and Wildlife Research, Spain 10 : Aarhus University Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Denmark 11 : Universitat de les Illes Balears, Spain 12 : University of Bologna, Italy 13 : Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK 14 : Swedish Veterinary Agency, sweden 15 : IRTA , Spain 16 : Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonie 17 : Institute of Livestock Sciences , Vienna , Autriche 18 : Ifremer , France 19 : UC Davis , USA 20 : DTU ,Denmark 21 : CEFAS,uk 22 : Norwegian Veterinary Institute,Norvège 23 : EFSA Italy 24 : The Roslin Institute and the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies at Edinburgh University, UK 25 : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Suède |
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| Source | EFSA Journal (1831-4732) (Wiley), 2023-08 , Vol. 21 , N. 8 , P. e08174 (45p.) | ||||||||||||
| DOI | 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8174 | ||||||||||||
| Keyword(s) | Vector, Reservoir, highly polymorphic region-deleted infectious salmon anaemia virus, Koi herpes virus, cyprinid herpesvirus-3, epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus | ||||||||||||
| Abstract | Vector or reservoir species of five fish diseases listed in the Animal Health Law were identified, based on evidence generated through an extensive literature review (ELR), to support a possible updating of Regulation (EU) 2018/1882. Fish species on or in which highly polymorphic region-deleted infectious salmon anaemia virus (HPR∆ ISAV), Koi herpes virus (KHV), epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV), infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) or viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) were detected, in the field or during experiments, were classified as reservoir species with different levels of certainty depending on the diagnostic tests used. Where experimental evidence indicated transmission of the pathogen from a studied species to another known susceptible species, the studied species was classified as a vector species. Although the quantification of the risk of spread of the pathogens by the vectors or reservoir species was not part of the terms or reference, such risks do exist for the vector species, since transmission from infected vector species to susceptible species was proven. Where evidence for transmission from infected fish was not found, these were defined as reservoirs. Nonetheless, the risk of the spread of the pathogens from infected reservoir species cannot be excluded. Evidence identifying conditions that may prevent transmission by vectors or reservoir fish species during transport was collected from scientific literature. For VHSV, IHNV or HPR∆ ISAV, it was concluded that under transport conditions at temperatures below 25°C, it is likely (66–90%) they will remain infective. Therefore, vector or reservoir species that may have been exposed to these pathogens in an affected area in the wild, aquaculture establishments or through water supply can possibly transmit VHSV, IHNV or HPR∆ ISAV into a non-affected area when transported at a temperature below 25°C. The conclusion was the same for EHN and KHV; however, they are likely to remain infective under all transport temperatures. |
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