Observing System Evaluation Based on Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction Systems: On-Going Challenges and a Future Vision for Designing and Supporting Ocean Observational Networks
| Type | Article | ||||||||
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| Date | 2019-07 | ||||||||
| Language | English | ||||||||
| Author(s) | Fujii Yosuke 1, Remy Elisabeth2, Zuo Hao3, Oke Peter4, Halliwell George5, Gasparin Florent2, Benkiran Mounir2, Loose Nora6, 7, Cummings James8, Xie Jiping9, Xue Yan10, Masuda Shuhei11, Smith Gregory C.12, Balmaseda Magdalena3, Germineaud Cyril5, 13, Lea Daniel J.14, Larnicol Gilles15, Bertino Laurent9, Bonaduce Antonio16, Brasseur Pierre17, Donlon Craig18, Heimbach Patrick6, Kim Youngho19, Kourafalou Villy20, Le Traon Pierre-Yves2, 21, Martin Matthew14, Paturi Shastri8, Tranchant Benoit15, Usui Norihisa1 |
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| Affiliation(s) | 1 : Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Tsukuba, Japan 2 : Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France 3 : European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, United Kingdom 4 : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia 5 : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Physical Oceanography Division, Miami, FL, United States 6 : Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States 7 : Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 8 : I.M Systems Group, NCEP Environmental Modeling Center, College Park, MD, United States 9 : Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (NERSC), Bergen, Norway 10 : Climate Prediction Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, College Park, MD, United States 11 : Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan 12 : Environmental Numerical Prediction Research Section, Meteorological Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dorval, QC, Canada 13 : Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States 14 : Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom 15 : Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-St-Agne, France 16 : Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany 17 : Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Grenoble, France 18 : European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre, Noordwijk, Netherlands 19 : Ocean Circulation and Climate Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea 20 : Department of Ocean Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States |
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| Source | Frontiers In Marine Science (2296-7745) (Frontiers Media Sa), 2019-07 , Vol. 6 , P. 417 (25p.) | ||||||||
| DOI | 10.3389/fmars.2019.00417 | ||||||||
| WOS© Times Cited | 54 | ||||||||
| Keyword(s) | observing system evaluation, ocean data assimilation, ocean prediction, OSSE (observing system simulation experiment), OSE (observing system experiment), GODAE OceanView, OceanPredict, CLIVAR-GSOP | ||||||||
| Abstract | This paper summarizes recent efforts on Observing System Evaluation (OS-Eval) by the Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction (ODAP) communities such as GODAE OceanView and CLIVAR-GSOP. It provides some examples of existing OS-Eval methodologies, and attempts to discuss the potential and limitation of the existing approaches. Observing System Experiment (OSE) studies illustrate the impacts of the severe decrease in the number of TAO buoys during 2012-2014 and TRITON buoys since 2013 on ODAP system performance. Multi-system evaluation of the impacts of assimilating satellite sea surface salinity data based on OSEs has been performed to demonstrate the need to continue and enhance satellite salinity missions. Impacts of underwater gliders have been assessed using Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) to provide guidance on the effective coordination of the western North Atlantic observing system elements. OSSEs are also being performed under H2020 AtlantOS project with the goal to enhance and optimize the Atlantic in-situ networks. Potential of future satellite missions of wide-swath altimetry and surface ocean currents monitoring is explored through OSSEs and evaluation of Degrees of Freedomfor Signal (DFS). Forecast Sensitivity Observation Impacts (FSOI) are routinely evaluated for monitoring the ocean observation impacts in the US Navy's ODAP system. Perspectives on the extension of OS-Eval to coastal regions, the deep ocean, polar regions, coupled data assimilation, and biogeochemical applications are also presented. Based on the examples above, we identify the limitations of OS-Eval, indicating that the most significant limitation is reduction of robustness and reliability of the results due to their system-dependency. The difficulty of performing evaluation in near real time is also critical. A strategy to mitigate the limitation and to strengthen the impact of evaluations is discussed. In particular, we emphasize the importance of collaboration within the ODAP community for multi-system evaluation and of communication with ocean observational communities on the design of OS-Eval, required resources, and effective distribution of the results. Finally, we recommend further developing OS-Eval activities at international level with the support of the international ODAP (e.g., OceanPredict and CLIVAR-GSOP) and observational communities. |
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