Ubiquity of inverted ’gelatinous’ ecosystem pyramids in the global ocean
Type | Article | ||||||||
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Acceptance Date | 2024-02-12 IN PRESS | ||||||||
Language | English | ||||||||
Author(s) | Lombard Fabien1, 2, 3, Guidi Lionel1, 2, Brandão Manoela C.1, 2, Coelho Luis Pedro4, 5, 6, Colin Sébastien7, Dolan John Richard1, Elineau Amanda1, Gasol Josep M8, Grondin Pierre Luc9, Henry Nicolas2, 10, Ibarbalz Federico M2, 11, Jalabert Laetitia1, Loreau Michel12, Martini Séverine1, 13, Mériguet Zoé1, Picheral Marc1, Pierella Karlusich Juan José2, 11, Pepperkok Rainer14, 15, Romagnan Jean-Baptiste1, 16, Zinger Lucie2, 11, Stemmann Lars1, Acinas Silvia G8, Lee Karp-Boss17, Boss Emmanuel17, Sullivan Matthew B.18, de Vargas Colomban2, 19, Bowler Chris2, 11, Karsenti Eric2, 11, 20, Gorsky Gabriel1, 2 | ||||||||
Affiliation(s) | 1 : Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefanche, LOV, F-06230 Villefranche- sur-mer, France 2 : Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France 3 : Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France 4 : Centre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia 5 : Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 6 : Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany 7 : Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany 8 : Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciènces del Mar, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain 9 : Département de Biologie, Takuvik International Research Laboratory (IRL-3376, CNRS (France) & ULaval (Canada), Université Laval, Québec, Canada 10 : CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France 11 : Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, France 12 : Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France 13 : Aix Marseille University, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM, Marseille, France 14 : Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany 15 : Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany 16 : Ifremer, Centre Atlantique, Unité Ecologie et Modèles Pour l’Halieutique, 44311, Nantes, France 17 : School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA 18 : Departments of Microbiology and Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA 19 : Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, AD2M ECOMAP, 29680 Roscoff, France 20 : Directors’ Research European Molecular Biology Laboratory Meyerhofstr. 1 69117 Heidelberg, Germany |
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Source | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) In Press | ||||||||
DOI | 10.1101/2024.02.09.579612 | ||||||||
Abstract | Summary paragraph Plankton are essential in marine ecosystems. However, our knowledge of overall community structure is sparse due to inconsistent sampling across their very large organismal size range. Here we use diverse imaging methods to establish complete plankton inventories of organisms spanning five orders of magnitude in size. Plankton community size and trophic structure variation validate a long-held theoretical link between organism size-spectra and ecosystem trophic structures. We found that predator/grazer biomass and biovolume unexpectedly exceed that of primary producers at most (55%) locations, likely due to our better quantification of gelatinous organisms. Bottom- heavy ecosystems (the norm on land) appear to be rare in the ocean. Collectively, gelatinous organisms represent 30% of the total biovolume (8-9% of carbon) of marine plankton communities from tropical to polar ecosystems. Communities can be split into three extreme typologies: diatom/copepod-dominated in eutrophic blooms, rhizarian/chaetognath-dominated in oligotrophic tropical oceans, and gelatinous-dominated elsewhere. While plankton taxonomic composition changes with latitude, functional and trophic structures mostly depend on the amount of prey available for each trophic level. Given future projections of oligotrophication of marine ecosystems, our findings suggest that rhizarian and gelatinous organisms will increasingly dominate the apex position of planktonic ecosystems, leading to significant changes in the ocean’s carbon cycle. |
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