Assessing variability in the ratio of metal concentrations measured by DGT-type passive samplers and spot sampling in European seawaters
Type | Article | ||||||||||||
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Date | 2021-08 | ||||||||||||
Language | English | ||||||||||||
Author(s) | Rodríguez Jose German1, Amouroux Isabelle![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Affiliation(s) | 1 : AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualde z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain 2 : Ifremer, Unit of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Rue de l’Ile d’Yeu, 44300 Nantes, France 3 : CEFAS, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK 4 : IPMA, Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Lisbon, Portugal 5 : Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal 6 : University of Portsmouth, School of the Environment Geography and Geosciences, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, United Kingdom 7 : Ifremer, Unit of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Zone Portuaire de Brégaillon CS20330 83507 La Seyne/mer cedex, France 8 : Ifremer, LITTORAL, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390, La Tremblade, France 9 : UNICA, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli studi di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy 10 : Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland 11 : Ifremer, LITTORAL, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 14520 Port-en-Bessin, France 12 : ITC, Playa de Pozo Izquierdo, s/n. CP: 35119, Sta. Lucía, Las Palmas, Spain 13 : DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland 14 : MSS, Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 365 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, United Kingdom 15 : Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom |
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Source | Science Of The Total Environment (0048-9697) (Elsevier BV), 2021-08 , Vol. 783 , P. 147001 (9p.) | ||||||||||||
DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147001 | ||||||||||||
WOS© Times Cited | 8 | ||||||||||||
Keyword(s) | EU Water Framework Directive, Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT), Passive samplers | ||||||||||||
Abstract | The current study evaluates the effect of seawater physico-chemical characteristics on the relationship between the concentration of metals measured by Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT) passive samplers (i.e., DGT-labile concentration) and the concentrations measured in discrete water samples. Accordingly, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure the total dissolved metal concentrations in the discrete water samples and the labile metal concentrations obtained by DGT samplers; additionally, lead and cadmium conditional labile fractions were determined by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) and total dissolved nickel was measured by Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CSV). It can be concluded that, in general, the median ratios of DGT/ICP and DGT/ASV(CSV) were lower than 1, except for Ni (median ratio close to 1) and Zn (higher than 1). This indicates the importance of speciation and time-integrated concentrations measured using passive sampling techniques, which is in line with the WFD suggestions for improving the chemical assessment of waterbodies. It is the variability in metal content in waters rather than environmental conditions to which the variability of the ratios can be attributed. The ratios were not significantly affected by the temperature, salinity, pH, oxygen, DOC or SPM, giving a great confidence for all the techniques used. Within a regulatory context such as the EU Water Framework Directive this is a great advantage, since the simplicity of not needing to use corrections to minimize the effects of environmental variables could help in implementing DGTs within monitoring networks. |
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