Newly identified proviruses in Thermotogota suggest that viruses are the vehicles on the highways of interphylum gene sharing
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Date | 2021-11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Language | English | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Author(s) | Haverkamp Thomas H. A.1, Lossouarn Julien2, Zhaxybayeva Olga3, Lyu Jie4, Bienvenu Nadège4, Geslin Claire4, Nesbø Camilla L.5, 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Affiliation(s) | 1 : Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo ,Norway 2 : Université Paris‐Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute Jouy‐en‐Josas 78350, France 3 : Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover NH ,USA 4 : Université Brest, CNRS, IFREMER,, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Plouzané F‐29280 ,France 5 : Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB ,Canada 6 : Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3E5, Canada |
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Source | Environmental Microbiology (1462-2912) (Wiley), 2021-11 , Vol. 23 , N. 11 , P. 7105-7120 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DOI | 10.1111/1462-2920.15723 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
WOS© Times Cited | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Abstract | Phylogenomic analyses of bacteria from the phylum Thermotogota have shown extensive lateral gene transfer with distantly related organisms, particularly with Firmicutes. One likely mechanism of such DNA transfer is viruses. However, to date, only three temperate viruses have been characterized in this phylum, all infecting bacteria from the Marinitoga genus. Here we report 17 proviruses integrated into genomes of bacteria belonging to eight Thermotogota genera and induce viral particle production from one of the proviruses. All except an incomplete provirus from Mesotoga fall into two groups based on sequence similarity, gene synteny and taxonomic classification. Proviruses of Group 1 are found in the genera Geotoga, Kosmotoga, Marinitoga, Thermosipho and Mesoaciditoga and are similar to the previously characterized Marinitoga viruses, while proviruses from Group 2 are distantly related to the Group 1 proviruses, have different genome organization and are found in Petrotoga and Defluviitoga. Genes carried by both groups are closely related to Firmicutes and Firmicutes (pro)viruses in phylogenetic analyses. Moreover, one of the groups show evidence of recent gene exchange and may be capable of infecting cells from both phyla. We hypothesize that viruses are responsible for a large portion of the observed gene flow between Firmicutes and Thermotogota. |
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