A new approach to using Diffusive Gradient in Thin-films (DGT) labile concentration for Water Framework Directive chemical status assessment: adaptation of Environmental Quality Standard to DGT for cadmium, nickel and lead
Type | Article | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | 2023-04 | ||||||||||||
Language | English | ||||||||||||
Author(s) | Amouroux Isabelle![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
||||||||||||
Affiliation(s) | 1 : Ifremer, Chemical Contamination of Marine Ecosystems Unit, Rue de l’Ile d’Yeu, 44300, Nantes, France 2 : Ifremer, LITTORAL, Environmental Resources Laboratory (Provence-Azur-Corse), Zone Portuaire de Brégaillon, 83507, La Seyne/mer, France 3 : Ifremer, LITTORAL, Environmental Resources Laboratory (Pertuis Charentais), Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390, La Tremblade, France 4 : AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea z/g, 20110, Pasaia, Spain 5 : CEFAS, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Suffolk, Lowestoft, NR33 0HT, UK 6 : IPMA, Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal 7 : Departamento de Engenharia Química, Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal 8 : Ifremer, LITTORAL, Environmental Resources Laboratory (Bretagne Occidentale), Place de La Croix, 29185, Concarneau, France 9 : UNICA, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli studi di Cagliari, 09124, Cagliari, Italy 10 : ITC, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias, Playa de Pozo Izquierdo, S/N. CP: 35119, Sta. Lucía, Las Palmas, Spain 11 : Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland 12 : Ifremer, LITTORAL, Environmental Resources Laboratory (Normandie), Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 14520, Port-en-Bessin, France 13 : Office Français de la Biodiversité, 5 Square Félix Nadar, 94300, Vincennes, France 14 : Ifremer, LITTORAL, Environmental Resources Laboratory (Pays de Loire), Rue de l’Ile d’Yeu, 44300, Nantes, France 15 : DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland 16 : Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK |
||||||||||||
Source | Environmental Sciences Europe (2190-4707) (Springer Science and Business Media LLC), 2023-04 , Vol. 35 , N. 1 , P. 29 (12p.) | ||||||||||||
DOI | 10.1186/s12302-023-00733-4 | ||||||||||||
Keyword(s) | Water Framework Directive (WFD), DGT (Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films), EQS(marine water), Chemical status assessment, Metal dissolved concentration, Metal labile concentration, Bioavailability, Cadmium, Nickel, Lead | ||||||||||||
Abstract | Integrative passive samplers, such as DGT (Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films), are identified in European Technical Guidance Documents as promising tools to improve the quality of the assessment, in the context of the WFD (EU Water Framework Directive). However, DGT results cannot yet be used directly in a regulatory framework to assess the chemical status of water bodies, as DGT labile concentrations cannot be directly compared to the metal AA-EQSmarine water (Annual Average Environmental Quality Standard) established by the WFD, which are defined in the dissolved concentration. Therefore, prior to using DGT results in a regulatory context, for cadmium, nickel and lead, an adaptation of existing AA-EQSmarine water for DGTs should be pursued, ensuring at least the same level of protection. In this sense, in the framework of the MONITOOL project, a robust database of dissolved and labile metal concentrations in transitional and coastal waters, for adapting the existing AA-EQSmarine water for DGT technique, was obtained. Building on these results, this study proposes a methodology and provides values and equations for using DGT results for the chemical status assessment of marine waters, by adapting the EQSmarine water to adapted EQSDGT or predicting dissolved concentrations from DGT results. Based on available dataset, a first simulation of “chemical status” assessment per MONITOOL sampling site using DGT measured labile concentrations was carried out and the results were compared to an assessment based on dissolved concentration to check their compliance. These results demonstrate that the use of DGT passive samplers is appropriate for the metal concentrations level encountered in the marine environment. Further work is recommended to test the effectiveness of the methodology proposed in this study under WFD conditions on more sites and to establish common strategy guidelines for the use of DGT passive samplers in monitoring. |
||||||||||||
Full Text |
|